Effect of heating rate and H3PO4 as catalyst on the pyrolysis of agricultural residues

This study reports the effect of heating rate and addition H3PO4 on pyrolysis three representative agricultural wastes different lignocellulosic composition, namely pistachio shell, bitter orange peel, saffron petal. Pyrolysis was carried out at 500 °C in a fixed-bed, lab scale reactor. Slow provided lower water contents liquid fraction. Fast increased yield for all feedstocks, promoting formation phenolic, ketone/aldehyde compounds. It also enhanced residues. In addition, energy content gas fraction is promoted due to higher concentration light hydrocarbons, methane, hydrogen. However, when high inorganic matter found CO2 favored, hindering improvement. The treatment biomass with significantly solid fraction, producing huge porosity development char (surface area over 1600 m2/g shell product), cost which mostly composed water, small amounts acetic acid, phenol toluene. results pointed that waste can be targeted achieve products by switching conditions such as H3PO4.